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Algae (

Xuesong Liu, Jianmin Wang

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 6, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1276-3

Abstract: first examined the toxicity of MPs alone, and their effect on the toxicity of lead (Pb) on Ceriodaphnia dubia(C. dubia), a model aquatic organism for toxicity survey.Pb concentration and the intake of Pb-loaded MPs, both of which increased the accumulation of Pb in C.dubia.

Keywords： Microplastic Lead Toxicity Algae C. dubia

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Understanding the role of nano-TiO on the toxicity of Pb on through modeling–Is it additive or synergistic?

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 5, doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1493-4

Abstract:

• A two-compartment model is able to quantify the effect of nano-TiO₂ on Pb toxicity.

Keywords： Algae C. dubia Lead Nano-TiO₂ Synergistic toxicity Two-compartment toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic

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Atomistic simulations of plasma catalytic processes

Erik C. Neyts

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages 145-154 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1674-7

Abstract: There is currently a growing interest in the realisation and optimization of hybrid plasma/catalyst systems for a multitude of applications, ranging from nanotechnology to environmental chemistry. In spite of this interest, there is, however, a lack in fundamental understanding of the underlying processes in such systems. While a lot of experimental research is already being carried out to gain this understanding, only recently the first simulations have appeared in the literature. In this contribution, an overview is presented on atomic scale simulations of plasma catalytic processes as carried out in our group. In particular, this contribution focusses on plasma-assisted catalyzed carbon nanostructure growth, and plasma catalysis for greenhouse gas conversion. Attention is paid to what can routinely be done, and where challenges persist.

Keywords： atomic scale simulation plasma-catalyst

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A simple, azulene-based colorimetric probe for the detection of nitrite in water

Lloyd C. Murfin, Carlos M. López-Alled, Adam C. Sedgwick, Jannis Wenk, Tony D. James, Simon E. Lewis

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 1, Pages 90-96 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1790-7

Abstract: We describe the synthesis and evaluation of an azulene-based chemodosimeter for nitrite. The probe was found to undergo two distinct color changes upon introduction aqueous nitrite ion. A near-instant formation of a grey color provides a qualitative indication of the presence of nitrite, followed by the formation of a deep-yellow/orange color, the endpoint from which quantitative data can be derived. The azulene probe exhibits 1:1 stoichiometry of reaction with nitrite in water, and is selective for nitrite over other anions. The azulene probe was applied to determine nitrite content in cured meat, and compared with the British Standard testing procedure (Griess test). The value obtained from the azulene-based probe agreed closely with the standard test. Our procedure only requires the preparation of one standard solution, instead of the three required for the standard Griess test.

Keywords： azulene nitrite diazoquinone

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Comments on the special issue of

Neil C. TURNER

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 254-255 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017156

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Special issue on “Fluorescent probes”

Adam C. Sedgwick, Tony D. James

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 1, Pages 1-3 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1910-4

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Uncertainty propagation analysis by an extended sparse grid technique

JIA, C. JIANG, C. M. FU, B. Y. NI, C. S. WANG, M. H. PING

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2019, Volume 14, Issue 1, Pages 33-46 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0514-x

Abstract: In this paper, an uncertainty propagation analysis method is developed based on an extended sparse grid technique and maximum entropy principle, aiming at improving the solving accuracy of the high-order moments and hence the fitting accuracy of the probability density function (PDF) of the system response. The proposed method incorporates the extended Gauss integration into the uncertainty propagation analysis. Moreover, assisted by the Rosenblatt transformation, the various types of extended integration points are transformed into the extended Gauss-Hermite integration points, which makes the method suitable for any type of continuous distribution. Subsequently, within the sparse grid numerical integration framework, the statistical moments of the system response are obtained based on the transformed points. Furthermore, based on the maximum entropy principle, the obtained first four-order statistical moments are used to fit the PDF of the system response. Finally, three numerical examples are investigated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which includes two mathematical problems with explicit expressions and an engineering application with a black-box model.

Keywords： uncertainty propagation analysis extended sparse grid maximum entropy principle extended Gauss integration Rosenblatt transformation high-order moments analysis

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Assessment of postcombustion carbon capture technologies for power generation

Mikel C. DUKE, Bradley LADEWIG, Simon SMART, Victor RUDOLPH, João C. Diniz da COSTA,

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2010, Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 184-195 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0234-1

Abstract: A significant proportion of power generation stems from coal-combustion processes and accordingly represents one of the largest point sources of CO emissions worldwide. Coal power plants are major assets with large infrastructure and engineering units and an operating life span of up to 50 years. Hence, any process design modification to reduce greenhouse gas emissions may require significant investment. One of the best options to utilize existing infrastructure is to retrofit the power station fleet by adding a separation process to the flue gas, a practice known as postcombustion capture (PCC). This review examines the recent PCC development and provides a summary and assessment of the state of play in this area and its potential applicability to the power generation industry. The major players including the various institutes, government, and industry consortia are identified along with flue gas PCC demonstration scale plants. Of the PCC technologies reviewed, amine-based absorption is preeminent, being both the most mature and able to be adapted immediately, to the appropriate scale, for power station flue gas with minimal technical risk. Indeed, current commercial applications serve niches in the merchant CO market, while a substantial number of smaller scale test facilities are reported in the literature with actual CO capture motivated demonstrations now commencing. Hybrid membrane/absorption systems, also known as membrane contactors, offer the potential for the lowest energy requirements, possibly 10% of current direct scrubbers but are at an early stage of development. Other methods being actively pursued as R&D projects include solid absorbents, solid adsorbents, gas membrane separators, and cryogenic separation. The variety and different maturities of these competing technologies make technical comparison largely subjective, but useful insights could be gained through the development and application of econometric techniques such as ‘real options’ within this context. Despite these limitations, it is clear from this review that amine scrubbing is likely to be adapted first into the existing power station fleet, while less mature technologies will grow and become integrated with the development of future power stations.

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New Editors-in-Chief’s Message

Jiming HAO,John C. CRITTENDEN

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages 1-1 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0767-0

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Key findings of the 2016 symposium on the frontiers of chemical science and engineering: Environment and sustainable development

Zhongming Lu, Duo Li, John C. Crittenden

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 305-307 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1666-7

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Glaciology and Global Climate Change

John C. Moore

Engineering 2018, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 6-8 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.01.001

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A smooth co-ordination control for a hybrid autonomous power system (HAPS) with battery energy storage (BES)

C. K. ARAVIND,G. SARAVANA ILANGO,C. NAGAMANI

Frontiers in Energy 2015, Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages 31-42 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0347-9

Abstract: The standalone hybrid power system constitutes a synchronous generator driven by a diesel engine, renewable energy source (wind) apart from a battery energy storage system. A coherent control strategy to regulate the voltage and frequency of the standalone grid is proposed in this paper. The system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink for preliminary validation and further tested on a laboratory prototype which involves a TMS320LF2407A DSP controller to digitally implement the control strategy. The dynamic behavior of the system is perused through the direct connection of an induction machine. The control strategy is verified for step changes in load and variation in wind power.

Keywords： standalone hybrid power system battery energy storage system (BESS) power conversion

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Special Issue on future directions in plasma nanoscience

Erik C. Neyts

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 199-200 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1843-y

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Predictive calculations of gas solubility and permeability in glassy polymeric membranes: An overview

Matteo Minelli, Maria Grazia De Angelis, Giulio C. Sarti

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 405-413 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1615-5

Abstract: The possibility to evaluate in a predictive way the relevant transport properties of low molecular weight species, both gases and vapors, in glassy polymeric membranes is inspected in detail, with particular attention to the methods recently developed based on solid thermodynamic basis. The solubility of pure and mixed gases, diffusivity and permeability of single gases in polymer glasses are examined, considering in particular poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) as a relevant test case. The procedure clearly indicates what are the relevant physical properties of the polymer matrix and of the penetrants required by the calculations, which can be obtained experimentally through independent measurements. For gas and vapor solubility, the comparison with direct experimental data for mixed gases points out also the ability to account for the significant variations that solubility-selectivity experiences upon variations of pressure and/or feed composition. For gas and vapor permeability, the comparison with direct experimental data shows the possibility to account for the various different trends observed experimentally as penetrant pressure is increased, including the so-called plasticization behavior. The procedure followed for permeability calculations leads also to clear correlations between permeability and physical properties of both polymer and penetrant, based on which pure predictive calculations are reliably made.

Keywords： solubility permeability glassy polymers NELF model diffusion

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Additive manufacturing: technology, applications and research needs

Nannan GUO, Ming C. LEU

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2013, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 215-243 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0248-8

Abstract:

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been researched and developed for more than 20 years. Rather than removing materials, AM processes make three-dimensional parts directly from CAD models by adding materials layer by layer, offering the beneficial ability to build parts with geometric and material complexities that could not be produced by subtractive manufacturing processes. Through intensive research over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the development and commercialization of new and innovative AM processes, as well as numerous practical applications in aerospace, automotive, biomedical, energy and other fields. This paper reviews the main processes, materials and applications of the current AM technology and presents future research needs for this technology.

Keywords： additive manufacturing (AM) AM processes AM materials AM applications